Article Precis Christianity and Judaism

Question: Portray about the Article Precis for Christianity and Judaism. Answer: Presentation The article composed by Daniel Boyarin Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism (1998) centers around the historical backdrop of Christian martyrology. The creator is principally an antiquarian of the religion; he holds the double citizenship of Israeli and United States. He is a teacher of early Christian investigations and is for the most part intrigued exploring the field of religious philosophy. He expresses that a portion of the researchers accept that Christian martyrology is the concealment and prolongation of the Jewish martyrology. Along these lines, the motivation behind the creator is to give the solid premise to the cooperation of Christianity and Judaism in the second, third and fourth hundreds of years. Martyrology is considered as the multisource talk, which can educate much about the advancement regarding Christianity and Judaism in late Antiquity. Rundown of Methodology and Evidences The general methodology of the writer in the article is to discover the association among Christianity and Judaism, by finding the talk of affliction and its parentage. The confirmations utilized in the article depend on numerous religious and antiquated writings and explicitly clarify the importance of each new word presented in the investigation. The researchers have the customary view towards Judaism and Christianity. They accept that Judaism existed before Christianity. The division of Christianity from Judaism happened after the demolition of the Second Temple[1]. The researcher accepted that during the Second Temple time frame, numerous orders of Judaism were in presence. These orders were the Proto-conventional Christians and Rabbinic Judaism[2]. Nonetheless, a portion of the researchers like Robert Goldenberg, has asserted that till the finish of First century, there were isolated religions like Christianity and Judaism[3]. Daniel Boyarin has utilized such huge confirmations to propose the improvement of the early Jewish and early Christian thoughts regarding affliction and their conceivable collaboration (p. 580). The confirmations utilized by the creator are old, yet exceptionally noteworthy to be utilized in this investigation. The exhaustive arrangements of assets are utilized to propose the postulation proclamation. The creator states with explicit reference that suffering was the training that altogether began in Judaism and Christian affliction has nothing to do with Jewish origin[4]. This training was started in the Roman social condition. Along these lines, the references utilized by the creator are advocated by the wide exhibit of data they give. The writer of this article has chosen the references precisely, to legitimize the fundamental point of article. Synopsis of the Article The central matter of the examination is to discover the connection among Christian and Jewish Martyrdom. The writer of the article has given the synopsis and examination of different philosophical bits of writing. For setting up the association among Judaism and Christianity, creator has basically centered around breaking down the account of Rabbi Eliezer. The creator gives the changed comprehension about the mind boggling collaboration among Christianity and Judaism in the late relic. The creator found that these two religions were intricately and strongly entwined with one another during late vestige. As per the exploration and confirmations gathered by the creator, he found that in the initial three centuries, all the structures and practices of Christianity and Judaism were considered as the piece of one religion. Both the religions could likewise be considered as the twins. These two religions were contending with one another for their predominance and personality. Be that as i t may, both the religions shared same profound bonding[5]. The creator expresses that with increasingly more exploration and confirmations it is difficult to isolate Judaism from Christianity and Christanity from Judaism. It is on the grounds that the outskirts between them are exceptionally hazy and thoughts and practices can cross fringes in both the headings. End The article broke down is Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism composed by Daniel Boyarin, as the piece of his book Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism, which was discharged in the year 1999. The creator has given a basic investigation of both the religions, with the help of huge confirmations from the history and philosophy. The article is old, however contains some significant data in regards to the beginning of religions and their history. Book index Eliav, Yaron Z., and Daniel Boyarin. Kicking the bucket for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism. (2001): 385-389. Frend, William WHC.Martyrdom and oppression in the early church: An investigation of contention from the Maccabees to Donatus. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2014. Frend, William HC. The Persecutions: a few connections among Judaism and the early Church.The Journal of Ecclesiastical History9, no. 02 (1958): 141-158. Goldenberg, Robert. Kicking the bucket for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism (review).Jewish Quarterly Review92, no. 3 (2002): 586-588.

Micro-Brewery Business

The Bok Ale House and Brewery, an Atlantic Beach based bar and microbrewery (Brewpub) will work as a solitary unit, medium-size alehouse, serving fine, hand created, great, lager, and ale lagers. The microbrewery will be situated at 1001 Atlantic Boulevard in Atlantic Beach, North Carolina. Today there are more than 700 microbreweries working in the United States. The Bok Ale House and Brewery will be Atlantic Beaches† first present day microbrewery, committed to delivering delightful beer and ale lagers. A convention revived! The organization's objective is that of a multi-faceted achievement. Our first duty is to the monetary prosperity of the bottling works. We will meet this objective while attempting to consider; 1) the impact of our items on the prosperity of our clients (and our staff), 2) the effect that our strategic policies and decisions will have on the earth, and 3) the high caliber of disposition, reasonableness, comprehension, and liberality between the executives, staff, clients, and sellers. Attention to every one of these elements and the capable activities that outcome will give our endeavors a feeling of direction and significance past our essential budgetary objectives. The Bok Ale House and Brewery was consolidated in July of 1999. The originators are Minnie Mouse and Daisy. Minnie is the President and Daisy is the Vice President. There are 5,000 portions of normal stock gave. Minnie and Daisy each own 1,000 offers and the rest of held by the organization for future circulation. What's more they have advanced the organization $100,000 of their own cash for exploration and start-up costs. This organization will be shaped as a Partnership in lieu of a Proprietorship with Minnie and Daisy sharing equivalent obligations. A reasonable site for the principal eatery was discovered a month ago and rent dealings are in the last stages. The area will be on Atlantic Boulevard, simply outside Catwalk Pavilion and near a thick populace of the objective market. At the point when the rent is marked, there will be three months of free lease for development and in that time the equalization of the beginning up reserves must be raised. With that stage finished, The Bok Ale House and Brewery would then be able to open and the activities period of the undertaking can start. On the off chance that the business is meeting its projections by year two, we will begin exploring for a subsequent area and create plans for the following unit. Our five-year objective is to surpass the greatest barrelage for a microbrewery (15,000 barrels every year ) and turn into a mass maker of Bok Ale and Boã °a Bok Lager worldwide with a yearly benefit of somewhere in the range of $500,000 and $1,000,000. In spite of the fact that the microbrewery business is extremely serious, the way of life changes made by current living keep on filling its consistent development. Patterns are significant and Bok Ale House and Brewery is all around situated for the current enthusiasm for stylish, easygoing, sea shore climate. As of March 15, 1999, there were 1,528 microbreweries, brewpubs, and provincial claim to fame bottling works in North America.2 There are in excess of 2000 beer brands created in the United States, multiple times the quantity of brands delivered 10 years back. U.S. also, worldwide brewers keep on creating a gigantic exhibit of lager styles with strong specialty markets proceeding to produce for industry individuals from each size. The mix procedure was viewed as a woman†s work until the finish of the primary thousand years. Around then, religious community bottling works started rehearsing the fermenting procedure. The priests chose they needed an incredible tasting, nutritious beverage to serve their suppers. During fasting, brew was utilized to fulfill the ravenous priests on the grounds that the utilization of fluids didn't defy the guidelines of fasting. The priests were accounted for to drink huge amounts of lager every day. Their affection for the drink transformed it into a business. The microbrewery business is getting probably the biggest business in the nation. In June 1997, an article in the North Carolina Times Union noticed that there were 154 microbreweries without a brewpub joined and 278 more with a brewpub. In 1993 new microbreweries opened at the pace of almost two every week in the State of North Carolina, especially in the sea shores territories . It represents over $240 billion yearly in deals and the free microbrewery represents 15% of that all out. The normal American burns through 15% of his/her pay on social amusement outside the home. This number has been expanding for as long as quite a long while. As indicated by the 1991-1992 North America Brewers Resource Directory, the normal per-capita utilization of beers was 23.4 gallons every year in 1989 in the United States. Future Trends and Strategic Opportunities The predicated development pattern is sure both in short and long haul projections. In 1988, The National Brewery Association discharged the Microbrewery Industry 2000 report that anticipated how the business may glance in the year 2000. A few features from the board's discoveries:  · â€Å"Consumers will spend a more noteworthy extent of their diversion dollar away from home.  · Independent administrators and business visionaries will be the principle wellspring of new eatery ideas.  · Environmental concerns will get expanded attention.† Art brewers are envisioning the soundness of a more grounded and savvier make fermenting industry that is as of now coming to fruition in 1999 and will keep on reinforcing during 2000 and 2001. â€Å"The nature of the normal brewpub and the normal microbrew on the rack is consistently improving,† says David Edgar, Director of the Institute for Brewing Studies. The Bok Ale House and Brewery will offer grown-up refreshments with an unmistakable picture. The Bok Ale House and Brewery menu is little estimated, complimentary contribution of light tidbits. We will probably make the picture of an easygoing, sea shore environment while serving top notch, hand made brews, lagers, and ales. Food creation and get together will happen in the brewhouse of the microbrewery. Malt grain, jumps, yeast, and water will be utilized to make the vast majority of the beers and ales without any preparation. The brewmaster will practice severe norms of sanitation, quality creation, and introduction or bundling over the bottling works and administration staff. The more established method of lager verifying our items, for example, preparing in littler bunches, doing without filtration and purification to deliver lagers that hold a greater amount of the flavor and character granted by yeast during maturation. The business will deliver under 15,000 barrels for every year so as to keep up its status as a microbrewery2. There will be two territories a client can buy drinks. They may sit in the sitting territory and get full help from a waitperson or can sit at the bar and request legitimately from the barkeep. Whichever way will profit the supporter with free hors d'oeuvres and top notch refreshments. There is a market fragment that likes to devour this sort of drink at home, despite the fact that they don't have the opportunity or offices. There are as of now mail request organizations that give people and families arranged beers, ales and do it without anyone's help home preparing units. This open door will be investigated and created on a preliminary premise. In the event that fruitful, it could turn into a significant new wellspring of salary without making the requirement for extra staff or creation space. The market for Bok Ale House and Brewery covers an enormous region of various and thickly populated gatherings. In spite of the fact that it will be situated in a sea shore setting, it is a region where individuals travel to eat out and one that is likewise frequented by sightseers. It is additionally a territory known for and taking into account the segment bunch we are focusing on. Microbreweries and brewpubs have a one of a kind presence in that they produce a drink of prevalent quality. This time of legitimate limitations on liquor utilization and the wellbeing cognizant client direct that individuals are hoping to drink less and however drink better . Brew is the most well known mixed drink in America. Americans drink roughly 23 gallons of lager for each year. The objective of our distillery is to produce such a presence. There are more flavor profiles in the group of brew than in that of wine, sweet, dry, harsh, tart, grainy, unpleasant, fruity †it's everything there. This makes brew appealing, yet in addition as an adaptable backup to a wide range of food. We will offer lager on tap (little servings of a few assortments at a fixed value), which makes a happy air just as a discussion piece for our clients The sea shore and footpath territory is one of the most attractive retail stores in Atlantic Beach. The Atlantic Beach Chamber of Commerce rates it as the third best retail advertise in the state. There are in excess of 200 organizations in a 1/4 square mile zone with normal deals of $330 per square foot. The client base will originate from three significant portions:  · Local populace †the city of Atlantic Beach with an all year populace of 123,000 is midway situated on the east shoreline of North Carolina and is inside a 15-minute drive of 8 significant rural areas.  · Colleges and Universities †Atlantic Beach includes a few schools inside a 15-mile range of Atlantic Boulevard and an occasional populace of 90,000.  · Tourism †between inns, inns, bed and breakfast rooms and motels, there are more than 8,500 rooms accessible. A year ago they were at 98% inhabitance.  · Local organizations †The City of Atlantic Beach records more than 100 organizations with a normal of 12 representatives in the Catwalk Pavilion region. As per 1995 industry insights from the Miller Brewing Company, lager utilization increments throughout the mid year months . The food idea and item picture of the Bok Ale House and Brewery will draw in two diverse client profiles:  · The youthful grown-up and youthful grown-up understudy †an ever increasing number of youngsters have created taste for claim to fame mixes.  · Curious and liberal †â€Å"if you attempt it, you will like it.† Through advertising, exposure, and word-

Should You Send Old or New SAT Scores Expert Guide

Should You Send Old or New SAT Scores Expert Guide SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In the event that you've taken the old SAT and the overhauled SAT, you might be pondering which scores you ought to send to schools. Would it be a good idea for you to send every one of your scores? Would it be advisable for you to simply send your outcomes from the test with the most elevated normal area scores? In this article, I'll disclose the variables to consider while deciding if you ought to send old or new SAT scores. General Differences Between Old and New SAT Scores The old SAT was out of 2400 and the upgraded one is out of 1600. The new SAT consolidates Reading and Writing into one segment score out of 800. Perusing and Writing were two separate segments on the old SAT, and both were out of 800. Likewise, the paper was a required part of the Writing area on the old SAT. Presently, the exposition is discretionary it's its own area and it doesn't affect your general SAT score. A few schools will require the exposition on the new SAT, so check the necessities of the universities you're applying to. Here's an increasingly exhaustive breakdown of the old SAT versus the enhanced one. Most Schools Accept Both the Old and New SATs For the classes of 2017 and 2018, most by far of schools will acknowledge scores from the old SAT and the upgraded SAT, yet ensure you check the particular strategies for the schools you’re applying to. You need to send the scores that the school will acknowledge, and keeping in mind that most universities will acknowledge scores from either form, some may just acknowledge scores from the new SAT. For instance, Yale will acknowledge scores from the old SAT for the classes of 2017 and 2018, yet will just acknowledge scores from the new SAT for the classes of 2019 and past. Northwestern will acknowledge scores from the old test for the class of 2017, yet it's one of only a handful not many schools that won't acknowledge scores from the old test for the class of 2018. Take a gander at each school’s site to discover its prerequisites. On the off chance that you can’t discover data there, call the confirmations office. A few universities may just acknowledge scores from the new SAT. For what reason Does It Matter Which Scores You Send? In the event that you’ve taken the old SAT and the present SAT, you may feel that you can send scores from the two tests and that universities will simply consider your most elevated area scores or your most elevated by and large score. In reality, however, that may not be valid. Most Schools Don't Superscore Between the Old and New SAT Superscoring is the procedure by which schools consider your most noteworthy area scores over all dates you took the SAT. Indeed, even schools that do superscore are probably not going to do as such between the old test and the present one. On the off chance that you improved on Reading on the old test and better on Math on the enhanced one, schools presumably won't consider both segment scores while assessing your SAT scores. New SAT Scores Are Slightly Inflated Additionally, schools in all probability won’t simply center around the higher by and large score between the two tests since scores on the new test are to some degree expanded. For instance, a 1100 on the new SAT is proportional to a 1020 on the Critical Reading and Math areas of the old SAT. In this manner, in the event that you found the middle value of 550 for every segment on the new SAT and a 520 for every area on the old SAT, you really improved on the old SAT in spite of having a higher score on the enhanced one. What is important to universities isn't your score yet how well you did comparative with other school candidates. What Should You Do? Here are the different choices you have if you’re settling on sending your old scores and new scores. Send Both You’ll need to utilize this choice for schools that expect you to send every one of your scores. In case you're given a decision, sending scores from the old test and the enhanced one might be a decent choice in the event that you improved on Reading or Math on one test versus the other, however your general scores were similar. Regardless of whether the school won’t superscore between the two tests, they’ll be more averse to think you have any ability insufficiencies. For instance, let’s state you got a 650 in Math on the old test and a 500 in Critical Reading. In the event that, on the new test, you got a 620 on Reading and Writing and a 550 on Math, your general scores would be comparative, yet the old test would show a lot more grounded math aptitudes and the new test outcomes would show more grounded understanding perception. Hence, you can send both if your area scores on the various variants of the test show various qualities or limit your shortcomings. Likewise, you might need to send both in the event that you arrived at your objective scores on both the old and the new tests. On the off chance that you got a 2300 on the old test and a 1590 on the new test, don't hesitate to send the two scores. Indicating great scores on two distinct tests might be progressively amazing to universities. Use Concordance Tables and Send the Best Score Recall that the scores on the new SAT aren’t proportionate to those on the old SAT; the scores on the new test are somewhat higher. Along these lines, the SAT has made concordance tables to change over new scores to old scores and the other way around. You can utilize these tables to figure out which score is ideal and afterward send the best score. This alternative presumably bodes well for most of understudies. Send the Old SAT The contention for simply sending your scores from the old SAT is that schools are significantly more acquainted with the old SAT and might have the option to all the more effectively decipher your scores. This could be a decent choice for understudies who did likewise or better on the old SAT. Since scores on the new SAT are somewhat swelled, a proportional score on the old SAT is increasingly great. What's Next? In the event that you've taken the ACT, look at this post for change tables from the ACT to the old and new SAT. In case you're reading for the new SAT, realize why utilizing Khan Academy isn't sufficient. At long last, look at this post to comprehend the significance of the SAT. Baffled with your scores? Need to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've composed a guide about the main 5 systems you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point:

Two Reviews of Angela Davis

Two Reviews of Angela Davis’ Women Race and Class (1983) By: Brittany Turnbull I. The Reviews a. Amy Winter [Women Race and Class] Off Our Backs, January-February Issue (2005) pp48-49 b. Ann Russo [Book Review]Women Studies International Forum, Volume 6, Number 2 (1983) pp249 II. Outline of Reviews a. Winter, Off Our Backs The analyst concentrated on the various pieces of history of the African American lady just as the historical backdrop of all ladies all in all. She separated the audit by talking about every section to agree with Davis’ separate of her book and concentrated on the significant subtleties of every part that she discovered Davis had brought out. Winter doesn’t offer a lot of assessment inside her audit since she basically adheres to the way that the book is expounded on mistreatment of African American ladies and African American individuals and she for the most part portrays precisely what Davis composed. Be that as it may, Winter offered some analysis when Davis had expounded on how ladies functioning in the manufacturing plants and doing hard work was more fascinating than accomplishing house work. Winter found that there was no distinction in light of the fact that whichever way something should have been cleaned. One just received the rewards of a check while the other didn't. This was a decent and intensive survey in light of the fact that in addition to the fact that it looked at the entire book it took a gander at every individual section and the central matters inside every part. b. Russo, Women Studies International Forum There is an alternate way to deal with this audit since it is essentially an investigation of what Davis’ topic or generally speaking significance of the book was. Russo portrayed the book as in the book wasn’t about persecution of Black ladies or Black individuals. It was tied in with contrasting the Black ladies with White ladies the general chauvinist abuse that the two of them needed to survive and still are surviving. Russo portrayed this book as a being a women's activist book about woman's rights in general and the upheaval everything being equal. There was no conversation about the historical backdrop of abuse that Black ladies needed to live with after some time or anything thusly. There was not notice of recorded figures also. This survey was acceptable as in it was an investigation of the general thought of the book, anyway I feel that Russo was totally off-base in her examination. She neglected to understand the specific battles and the specific contrasts among White and Black ladies. She additionally neglected to understand that the utilization of White ladies inside the content was to analyze the amount increasingly troublesome Black ladies had it over White ladies regarding the sexual and racial separation that Black ladies have needed to experience and endeavor to defeat since the beginning.

You can chose from the instruction that I attarched Research Paper

You can browsed the guidance that I attarched - Research Paper Example This exposition examines needle therapy and the manners by which its machines help in the mending procedure of the body, psyche and soul. Needle therapy calms the body’s utilities and animates the characteristic self-mending movement by activating specific anatomic focuses ordinarily known as acupoints or needle therapy focuses. The most commonplace strategy utilized to animate needle therapy focuses is the infusing of fine, cleaned needles into explicit site of the body. Electrical incitement, warmth, or weight may advance more effect of needle therapy. Extra acupoint incitement techniques contain linaments, heat treatment or moxibustion, measuring, manual back rub and the utilization of topical natural meds (Bruno, 2012). Standard Chinese Medicine is fixated on an early way of thinking that alludes to the world and the body, in reference of two differentiating energies: yin and yang. In the event that these energies happen to be in balance, at that point the body is solid. Power, known as qi moves along specific ways, named meridians, everywhere throughout the body. This ceaseless development of power keeps up the yin and yang energies in balance. All things considered, if the development of power gets stuck, the blockage can prompt ailment, absence of capacity, or agony. Needle therapy treatment can cleared â€Å"qi† in the body and excite work, initiating the physical, common reclamation response through various physiological frameworks. Contemporary examinations have demonstrated acupuncture’s sway on the cardiovascular framework, safe frameworks and endocrine, sensory system and stomach related framework. Through animating the body’s various frameworks, needle therapy can help to mend torment, and improve rest and a feeling of solace (Cim.ucsd, 2015). To begin with, the acupuncturist going to will question about the general wellbeing history of the customer. From that point forward, the individual in question will investigate the tongue’s covering, shading, and shape, feel the client’s beat and possibly play out some extra real exams depending on the individual wellbeing prerequisite.

Workshop Trip to Liberia COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Workshop Trip to Liberia COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following entry was composed by Nora Gordon, a second year MIA student concentrating in Human Rights.   Nora spent Spring Break, and an additional week in Liberia participating in her SIPA workshop.   She is back now but wrote this while she was away. ________________________________________ I am currently working in Liberia with my workshop team on improving vocational training programs for youth in Liberia.   We are here for two weeks conducting trainings in vocational training centers about market assessment.   Our goal is to help staff and participants learn how to use a market assessment toolkit that was produced by a SIPA workshop team in 2008. Here are a few quick notes from the trip so far . . . *** We went to work on Saturday morning for a quick meeting with our supervisor.   Our project involves making a short film and other training tools for people working on job training programs for youth. We will get to visit 4 Youth Employment Program sites throughout the country. The idea is for us to help local programs figure out market needs and shape their training accordingly.   When we finished our work meeting, a Liberian guy walked into the office singing “In the jungle, the mighty jungle…” We all laughed.   He gave us a giant, gummy smile and told us his name, McNeal.   “I’m the IT guy,” he said.   We told him about our video and he was excited to be on camera.   Then we tried to find out some details about the local culture. “Do people dance a lot in Liberia?   Where do people dance?” “Whaaaaaaat?!!   You ask me this?!!   How you gonna ask me if we daaaaance?!” We laugh. “A typical Liberian will never answer a question,” McNeal explains.   If you ask “I hear in Liberia you don’t answer questions. Is this true?” We will say “Where did you receive this information!?” *** I’m finding some similarities with other places I’ve worked, like Rwanda and oddly even more with East Timor.   Maybe these are just commonalities for conflict/post-conflict zones.   But, for example, there are chips of broken glass cemented along the top of the walls surrounding residences.   There are lots of locks on every door, 24 hour guards, and in our compound there are a bunch of bars on all the windows.   We have 24 hour guards and a curfew.   We’re not supposed to even walk ten feet outside by ourselves after dark (6:30pm). I’m feeling very protected/restricted. *** Today we did our training in the field, which involves introducing a “Market Assessment Toolkit” for vocational trainers and youth.   There was a 14 year old boy named Morris in the class who asked Why is it called a toolkit?” Good question. I’d explained earlier that it was like tools in a toolbox- like a hammer, but for your brain. So one of his teachers explained that metaphor to him, and I thought, This is great, lets put him in our film!   We’re making a film as part of our project in order to help make sense of the toolkit.   As class went on, though I realized the boy was quite cross-eyed, and I thought Ugh, now if I put him on film, it will be so stereotypical, Oh look at this poor little cross-eyed African boy and people will just focus on that instead of what he’s saying.   Or else mean people might laugh. But then I thought, It’s not fair to discriminate and not put him in the video because of a physical condition. So I had this idea to pull him aside later and have him talk to the teacher so he would be looking at the teacher not the camera, and it wouldn’t be so noticeable.   It worked out nicely and is great for our project. ***

Is Mills distinction of higher and lower pleasures justified - Literature Essay Samples

In an attempt to amend the traditional Benthamite hedonic calculus in which simply the quantity of pain or pleasure is considered, Mill, within his Utilitarianism, postulates an additional qualitative distinction resulting in the notion of a higher or a lower pleasure. Scholars have since questioned whether such a distinction is truly justified; as Martin observes: Mills contention has been subjected to a widespread , and withering, philosophical criticism. (Rex Martin (1972). A defense of Mills Qualitative Hedonism. Philosophy, 47, p.140) In this essay, I will seek to sustain the line of argument that, if Mill is to maintain the label of a true hedonist, his distinction between higher and lower pleasures is unjustified. Hedonistic title aside, it appears that the higher/lower pleasure distinction presents numerous other difficulties, both theoretically and practically. Though many might view the distinction as a necessary one, Mills justification of it is not strong enough to avoid further problems for the Utilitarian. Before engaging in evaluation of Mills qualitative hedonism, it is perhaps worth clarifying the distinction between, and reasons for the distinction between, higher and lower pleasures. Mill, amongst others, recognized the limits of Benthams utilitarian approach; Bentham argued that pleasure could be measured solely on quantity famously asserting that, quantity of pleasure being equal, pushpin is as good as poetry. (Bentham, quoted in G E Moore. Principia Ethica ) All pleasures were, by nature, equal in value. Adopting this view could arguably open the Utilitarian up to issues like those presented in the Haydn and the Oyster thought experiment; many would be unwilling to assert that the oyster life would be the more pleasurable, comparatively, than the life of Haydn though this is what Benthams quantitative approach would seem to imply. Martin highlights the key features of the qualitative distinction: firstly, mental pleasures are intrinsically higher in quality than bodily pleasure s. Furthermore, the superiority in quality might be so far outweighing quantity as to render it, in comparison, of small account (Rex Martin (1972). A defense of Mills Qualitative Hedonism. Philosophy, 47, p.140) ; no amount of lower pleasure could outweigh one intrinsically higher. Finally, the decision as to whether a pleasure should be deemed desirable should be that of the preference of experienced judges, (ibid.) someone who has knowledge of both and therefore the authority to assess. It is widely recognized that Mill, in adding a qualitative aspect to pleasures, presents himself with a dilemma. It seems logically impossible for Mill to maintain his hedonistic ideals (evident, as Crisp demonstrates, from his affirming the greatest happiness principle: pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things desirable as ends), and still hold that pleasures differ qualitatively, since if he were to assert that a higher pleasure is higher because of its intrinsically being more pleasurable, he would be admitting that quantity of pleasure is of sole importance. Yet, if pleasantness is not what makes something preferable then he would have to relinquish the notion that pleasure is the only thing desirable as an end (M. Smith and E. Sosa, quoted in: Rex Martin (1972). A defense of Mills Qualitative Hedonism. Philosophy, 47.), thus, his hedonism. Either quality collapses into quantity and Mill has made no advance on Bentham, or Mill can no longer count himself a (full) hedoni st. (Crisp, Roger, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Mill on Utilitarianism. London, 1997.) Maintaining that a pleasure is intrinsically higher in quality without being higher in quantity implies that there must be an additional factor at play more desirable than pleasure itself. Crisp suggests this quality might be one of a self- realizing (ibid.)nature; this would arguably not present a problem were it not to compromise the notion of pleasure as the highest good. Even if the defense of Mills hedonism was not of concern, the inconsistency between the greatest happiness principle and the higher/lower pleasure distinction still seem to be inconsistent as a matter of the internal logic of Mills argument. However, it is worth noting, as Martin does, that the coherency of the above criticism rests on a specific interpretation of the text itself. It seems that Moore, for example, understood the text under the interpretation that Mill was not attempting to hold with respect to pleasures that the preferred kind is more pleasant than the other. (Rex Martin (1972). A defense of Mills Qualitative Hedonism. Philosophy, 47, p.142) Upon this basis, he could construct the criticism that if a preferable thing is not more pleasant, preference is just a judgement of that intuitional kind good is good and indefinable. (G E Moore. Principia Ethica ) However, the situation is entirely transformed by an alternative textual reading such as that put forward by Martin: if Mill believed that kinds of pleasure do differ in their degree of being pleasant and that the higher or preferred kind is the more pleasant one, then the critics would have no basis for saying that hedonism and Mills qualitative distinct ion are in principle incompatible. (Rex Martin (1972). A defense of Mills Qualitative Hedonism. Philosophy, 47, p.143) It is possible, then, to find consistency within Mills account if read under a certain interpretation; however, an opinion which requires re-interpretation and clarification by its readers is arguably ambiguous and therefore not fully justified in the first place. Mill doesnt justify his qualitative distinction in enough detail to avoid these criticisms and his ideas being justified on his behalf doesnt mean that he, himself, justified them well. In addition, I think the second potential reading put forth by Martin is, in itself, inconsistent with what Mill says; if he was saying that higher pleasures were, in fact more pleasant then Mill perhaps would not need to focus so much attention on the notion that humans would not want to relinquish these higher faculties/pleasures due to a sense of dignity. Aside from inconsistency worries, it seems that the notion of a qualitative distinction encompasses numerous other problems. Firstly, Mill suggests that expert judges who have experienced both higher and lower pleasures are those in a position to ascertain which pleasures are higher and which lower. If one of the two is, by those who are competently acquainted with both, placed so far above the other that they prefer it, even though knowing it to be attended with a greater amount of discontent, and would not resign it for any quantity of the other pleasure which their nature is capable of, we are justified in ascribing to the preferred enjoyment a superiority in quality (Mill, Utilitarianism, chapter 2) However, it seems that even the judgement of these supposed experts would change with context; one might prefer poetry to drinking water, for example, until one is severely dehydrated. Arguably, higher faculties can only be used to produce higher pleasures if the more primitive needs are satisfied. Though Mill does not obviously say that our more animalistic desires, for example, need not be gratified, this needs to be the case before anyone would think of choosing so-called higher pleasures of preference. In addition, Mill stipulates that these judges must have experience of both types of life- essentially, one with the gratification of lower pleasures and then higher pleasures. However, a life evidently consists of the gratification of both; has any person really had experience of one without the other in order to make a judgement as to which is preferable? Most, I think, would agree that they would expect themselves to prefer a life full of higher pleasures but it is not the case necessarily. Crisp certainly voices my own opinion when he questions the dividing line between bodily and mental pleasures which Mill emphasizes. Many do acknowledge that pleasures of the intellect, of the feelings and imagination, and of the moral sentiments, a much higher value as pleasures than to those of mere sensation (ibid.) but at which point does a pleasure become either bodily or mental; couldnt it be both? Crisp expresses the view with an example: it is difficult to find a clear criterion for placing a pleasure on one side of the divide or the other. When you savior the Lagavulin, the pleasure you take in it would seem to be quite different from that your whisky-loving dog takes in it. You can reflect on its origins and the way it is produced, comparing its flavor to other whiskies using a broad vocabulary referring to properties to which your dog is quite insensitive. But your pleasure is a bodily one, and certainly involves certain sensations. (Crisp, Roger, Routledge Philosophy Guid ebook to Mill on Utilitarianism. London, 1997.) This argument seems to apply to rather many experiences we might consider pleasurable; a mental pleasure would not exist without a physical one and so the two are inseparable and, in turn, incomparable. In addition, it seems that a pleasure can only ever be deemed higher or lower within the context of comparison with another i.e. such and such a pleasure is higher or lower than some other. Higher and lower are, by their very nature, relative terms. (ibid.) Moreover, when distinguishing ones preference in terms of pleasures, some form of subjectivity is inevitable and, again, preference is context based with regards to who is judging. A wine taster, for example, tastes wine and discusses it in an intellectual sense; for him, wine tasting is a higher pleasure as it stimulates his intellect. Another person, a pianist, for example, might view wine-tasting as a lower pleasure indulging simply his base desire to be drunk. Both characters ask ed to choose their preference between the two (wine tasting or piano playing) would differ considerably. Any weakness to the preference test arguably weakens the notion of higher and lower since this is supposed to be the way of deciding which category a sensation falls in to. Talk of preference with regard to pleasures also seems to me strangely misplaced; if Utilitarianism focuses on the greatest pleasure/ good for society or for people surrounding you, then what need is there to distinguish between higher and lower pleasures. Are moral decisions not meant to be made on an objective basis? It suffices to say by way of conclusion, that Mills distinction between higher and lower pleasures is, overall, unjustified. It is perhaps fair to say that the idea itself is, in a sense, justifiable as most would agree that a simplistic indulgence of base pleasures should be discouraged. However, it is evident that many find fault with the consistency between the qualitative distinction and Mills own hedonistic values. In addition, the utilitarian is arguably faced with a number of issues when attempting to actually enforce the distinction.

Sea Sponges Facts

When you look at a sponge, the word animal  might not be the first that comes to mind, but sea sponges are animals. There are over 6,000 species of sponges; most live in the marine environment, although there are also freshwater sponges. Natural sponges have been used by humans to clean and bathe with for at least 3,000 years. Sponges are classified in the phylum Porifera. The word Porifera  comes from the Latin words porus (pore) and ferre (bear), meaning pore-bearer. This is a reference to the numerous pores or holes on a sponges surface. It is through these pores that the sponge draws in water from which it feeds. Fast Facts: Sponges Scientific Name: PoriferaCommon Name: SpongeBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: Various species range from under a half inch to 11 feet in lengthWeight: Up to approximately 20 poundsLifespan: Up to 2,300 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Oceans and freshwater lakes the world overPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: One species is classified Least Concern; most are Not Evaluated. Description Sponges come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and sizes. Some, like the liver sponge, look like a low-lying crust on a rock, while others can be taller than humans. Some sponges are in the form of encrustations or masses, some are branched, and some look like tall vases. Sponges are relatively simple multi-celled animals. They do not have tissues or organs like some animals do; rather, they have specialized cells to perform necessary functions. These cells each have a job. Some are in charge of digestion, some reproduction, some bringing in water so the sponge can filter feed, and some are used for getting rid of wastes. The skeleton of a sponge is formed from spicules which are made of silica (a glass-like material) or calcareous (calcium or calcium carbonate) materials, and spongin, a protein that supports the spicules. Sponge species may be most readily identified by examining their spicules under a microscope. Sponges do not have a nervous system, so they dont move when touched.   Placebo365/Getty Images   Species There are an enormous number of species in the phylum Porifera, broken into five classes: Calcarea (Calcareous sponges)Demospongiae (Horny sponges)Hexactinellida (Glass sponges)Homoscleromorpha (Includes about 100 species of encrusting sponges)Porifera incertae sedis (Sponges whose classification has not yet been defined) There are over 6,000 formally described sponge species, measuring from under a half inch to 11 feet. The largest sponge discovered to date was found in Hawaii in 2015, and has not yet been named. Habitat and Distribution Sponges are found on the ocean floor or attached to substrates such as rocks, coral, shells, and marine organisms. Sponges range in habitat from shallow intertidal areas and coral reefs to the deep sea. They are found in oceans and freshwater lakes throughout the world. Diet and Behavior Most sponges feed on bacteria and organic matter by drawing water in through pores called ostia (singular: ostium), which are openings through which water enters the body. Lining the channels in these pores are collar cells. The collars of these cells surround a hair-like structure called a flagellum. The flagella beat to create water currents. Most sponges also feed on small organisms that come in with the water. There are also a few species of carnivorous sponges that feed by using their spicules to capture prey such as small crustaceans. Water and wastes are circulated out of the body by pores called oscula (singular: osculum). Reproduction and Offspring Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction occurs through the production of egg and sperm. In some species, these gametes are from the same individual; in others, separate individuals produce eggs and sperm. Fertilization occurs when the gametes are brought into the sponge by currents of water. A larva is formed, and it settles on a substrate where it becomes attached to the rest of its life. Asexual reproduction occurs by budding, which happens when a part of a sponge is broken off, or one of its branch tips is constricted, and then this small piece grows into a new sponge. They may also reproduce asexually by producing packets of cells called gemmules. Threats In general, sponges arent very tasty to most other marine animals. They can contain toxins, and their spicule structure probably doesnt make them very comfortable to digest. Two organisms that eat sponges though are hawksbill sea turtles and nudibranchs. Some nudibranchs will even absorb a sponges toxin while it eats it and then uses the toxin in its own defense. Most of the sponges have been evaluated by the IUCN, as Least Concern. RainervonBrandis/Getty Images Sponges and Humans The modern plastic sponge in our kitchens and bathrooms are named after natural sponges, living animals which were harvested and widely used as long ago as the 8th century BCE as implements for bathing and cleaning, as well as in medical practices such as assisting in healing and to cool or warm or comfort a body part. Ancient Greek writers such as Aristotle (384–332 BCE) suggested the best sponge for such tasks was one that is compressible and squeezable but not sticky, and holds great quantities of water in its canals and expels it out when compressed.   You can still buy natural sponges in health food stores or on the Internet. Artificial sponges were not invented until the 1940s, and long before that, commercial sponge harvesting industries developed in many areas, including Tarpon Springs and Key West, Florida. Sources Brusca Richard C. and Gary J. Brusca. Phylum Porifera: the sponges. Invertebrates. Cambridge, MA: Sinauer Press, 2003. 181–210.Castro, Fernando, et al. Agalychnis The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T55843A11379402, 2004.  Ã‚  Coulombe, Deborah A. The Seaside Naturalist. New York: Simon Schuster, 1984.Denoble, Peter. The Story of Sponge Divers. Alert Diver Online, 2011.Hendrikse, Sandra and Andrà ©Ã‚  Merks, A. Sponge Fishing in Key West and Tarpon Springs, American Sponge Diver, 2003Martinez, Andrew J. Marine Life of the North Atlantic. New York: Aqua Quest Publications, Inc., 2003.UCMP. Porifera: Life History and Ecology. University of California Museum of Paleontology.Wagner, Daniel, and Christopher D. Kelley. The Largest Sponge in the World? Marine Biodiversity 47.2 (2017): 367–68.  Voultsiadou, Eleni. Sponges: An Historical Survey of Their Knowledge in Greek Antiquity. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87.6 (2007): 1757 –63. Print.

Islam And Its Impact On The World - 1560 Words

Islam arose in the seventh-century Arabia, a land filled with desert oasis with no cities of monumental size and sparsely inhabited by nomadic tribes. However, these people were unified under the leadership of its founder, the prophet Muhammad who lived from 570-632 A.D and proceeded with his followers to spread the infectious word of Islam and its ideals. Due to the fact that Islam accepted many different types of long-standing cultures and diverse people, it has therefore attained and formed their ideas of art and architecture and implemented them in their own lifestyles. One of the many elements that were obtained from this blending of cultures is the art of cuneiform, along with the creation of loose-leaf manuscripts which would allow†¦show more content†¦It’s no secret that the culture of Islam is known for its very technical and alluring calligraphy which plays a very integral role within the society and aids in providing a method in which to display its religio n in a non-offending way. The Arabic script is generally written right to left, and has its letters formed depending on its overall position in the word itself. With its rhythmic, yet complex interplay between positioning, Arabic lends itself to many variations. In Islamic society, Calligraphers enjoyed the highest status of all artists within its society due to the fact that scribes has to learn the formulas and combinations in order to create ink and paints of all sorts of colors and lighting. Scribes would also have to master the complex literary traditions and number symbolism that had developed in Islamic culture over time. Their training was tedious and lengthy, but unlike any other type of artist who were generally anonymous in the early centuries of Islam, outstanding calligraphers received public recognition. In the case of the Qur’an Manuscript in Maghribi, the patterns of illumination and artwork which resonates throughout the entire piece which also allows for a g reater emphasis on the placement of the calligraphy that is present within the manuscript. The wording is written with a ink that radiates a golden color whenever

Simple Math Working Models - 3216 Words

You Can prove that radius to the point of contact of a tangent is perpendicular by Take two Iron Rings with a radius of a pin that you have like a stitching needle.. The iron rings should be at a thickness of 1 cm... Join the two rings by superimposing but not exactly, without gap. just leave a gap between the two circumference of the circle such that there is parallel gap throughout the two rings then join them at two points{one at any where and another at straight opp to the other} using m~seal. no find the center by drawing a circle with same radius with compass.(no need to measure the radius just estimate the radius by having the ring)then keep the rings on it and then take a wire make it as the diameter with the contact points as†¦show more content†¦To place a number of marks or stations in any given direction the horizontal plates are clamped together, the telescope pointed in the desired direction and then moved vertically and focused on each mark as required. Although the theodolite looks like a difficult instrument to use, its basic concept is very simple. The surveyor would begin by picking a distinct point in the distance. After centering the theodolite over the primary point of interest, the surveyor would use the eye piece to align the sight axis with the point of interest in the distance. Next the surveyor would zero the horizontal and vertical axes graduated circles. Finally the surveyor would move the sight axis using the eye piece to the final point of interest and determine the horizontal and vertical angles between the points. With this known angle and the triangulation principle, the distance between each of the three points may be determined. See, told you that if you understand it is quite easy to use. One major difference between the clinometers and theodolite is that theodolite is used in professional using ( NOT THIS ONE ::: THIS ONE IS HOMEMADE). THEY USE THE DIGITAL ONES | U can go for anything. 1) Make use of thin sticks or Straws. Have papers cutting fix between two sticks to show angle. Decorate it according to yourself. 2) since you are in 10(C.B.S.E) your study of Trigonometry is concerned to 2-D only . even then you can try 3-d. Following is a description:Show MoreRelatedHelpful Strategies For Helping With Math Anxiety1162 Words   |  5 Pageswith Math Anxiety In the Information Capsule from Miami-Dade county different researchers have developed strategies that a teacher can use to reduce the effects of math anxiety in a student who may be suffering from the phobia. The result of the research has found that a teacher, practice has a strong influence on students’ math anxiety. One way a teacher can reduce math anxiety is to be knowledgeable in their content when comes to math and to always exude a positive attitude towards math. TheRead MoreHigh Level Of Success Mathematical1501 Words   |  7 PagesMath is more than just a random order of numbers with weird algorithms. To make math work, there needs to be rules put in place to help students achieve their highest level of success mathematical. There are eight main standards for mathematics that are in the Common Core. Each of the standards are vital to mathematics and all have the same significance. They are listed as follows: Make sense of problems and continue in solving them. Re ason hypothetically and quantitatively. Make practical argumentsRead MoreDespite Being One Of The Most Common Disabilties, Those1690 Words   |  7 PagesNotwithstanding, nearly all the time, they display low academic achievement in one or more areas and difficulties in the processing and learning of information (Turnbull et al., 2016). 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They were imprisoned in internmentRead MoreRole of Mathematics in Business Economics1407 Words   |  6 Pagessince ancient times, when farmers had to count th e animals in their possession and merchants had to have a clear picture of their goods value. With the introduction of money as the universal legal tender, all goods acquired a numerical value, making math calculations even more important. Furthermore, in the competitive global market environment of today, businesses have to take advantage of every opportunity for profit, making frequent statistical market analyses a necessity. Business Mathematics:Read MoreFactors That Teach Math Reasoning And Patient Problem Solving Is Not Realistic?1351 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents. In today’s age, many students expect simple problems and become impatient; quickly to give up if the solution takes some thinking. However, no problem worth solving is that simple. 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Doing this study could decrease students’ anxiety levels when it comes to taking a mathematicsRead MoreTechnology : Technology And Education1702 Words   |  7 Pageslecture times in class, by doing the online homework assignments prior to beginning a new topic, so that we are more familiar with the information and it becomes more of a review, rather than learning new unfamiliar information. Students tend to enjoy working with technology because computers are patient in comparison to humans. Computers are able to better explain information when there is a misunderstanding between certain objectives. Student are able to understand the knowledge when educational programsRead MoreChildhood Is Th e Most Beautiful Of All Life s Seasons1633 Words   |  7 Pagesexpected. When I was doing my Math problem, I was trying to draw a parabola curve with a curve ruler and the ruler was not really draw the parabola curve with exact adjustment. It was only a weird shape tool with a lot of parabola curves so we could estimate the curve that was closest to the one we needed to draw. My concern was that what if the parabola curve that we needed to draw was not in the ruler? In that case, I would have to draw by hand which might be simple for some curves but result inRead MoreThe Conflict Of Gender Discrimination1269 Words   |  6 Pagesunfairly in society when we study issues, such as The Gender Wage Gap. The gender wage gap is a very sensitive issue that woman have been fighting for many years. The pay gap is defined as,† the difference in men’s and women’s median earnings† (The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap). The gender wage gap is very unfair and une qual to all women. There are no real reasons why men are paid more. Of course, the excuse for paying them more is that they are smarter or stronger. Women have worked so hard

Kant And Kant s View On Life And Most - 955 Words

â€Å"If you do what you need ,your surviving. If you do what you want, your living†. Philosophers Mill and Kant both share similarities and differences on their view on life and most of all on the meaning of a â€Å"good life. Mill bases morality on the principle of utility which states , that â€Å" actions or behaviors are right in so far as they promote happiness or pleasure , wrong as they tend to produce unhappiness or pain†. While Kant bases morality on the categorical imperative which is, â€Å"an unconditional moral obligation that is blinding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person’s inclination or purpose†. Mill and Kant both join in their proposed first rule of profound quality a sort of all inclusiveness, for Kant’s situation that of confining one’s standards of activity to people who it can serve to be a widespread law of nature, for Mill’s situation considering the outcomes of a sort of activity for al l people. Both perceive transitional good guidelines , called by Kant â€Å"obligations† and by Mill â€Å"subordinate standards†. Accordingly the 2 philosophers have a 2 step origination of moral thought. A â€Å"basic level† that offered moderate good standards against the first guideline of profound quality and a performance stage that allows for settles on a choice in a specific case on the premise of the important good principles. The obligations to others perceived by Kant relate to the subordinate standards perceived byShow MoreRelated Ethical and Philosophical Questions about Value and Obligation977 Words   |  4 Pageshow can we view the philosophical ethics of Mill, Kant, Aristotle, Nietzsche, and the ethics of care? III For Mill, the question is what is the relation between his (metaethical) empirical naturalism and his (normative) qualitatively hedonist value theory and his utilitarian moral theory? 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Tatutory body Free Essays

Pursuant to the above, FL therefore forwarded to CT an invoice of pursuant to Clause 10 of the Agreement. However, by Act’s analysis, there were errors In the computation of PPTP In the 2009 tax assessment Issued by FIRS. CT Is also In disagreement with the rate applied by your Company in arriving at the royalty due for the oil produced. We will write a custom essay sample on Tatutory body or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was based on these beliefs, that CT forwarded to your Company the sum of and for tax assessment and royalty respectively totaling CT further requested that your Company challenges the tax assessment at the appropriate forum and re-compute the royalty cording to the established rates. It Is on the above premise that your Company the following relief: (a) Declarations on the applicable royalty rate and the correct calculation of PPTP returns; (b) and specific damages for payment of the outstanding tax and royalty sums of Looking at the above relief, the issues in question which were submitted to Arbitration arose out of alleged wrong assessment and computation of taxes by your Company due to the FIRS and by extension to the Federal Government of Nigeria. So for all intents and purposes, the claim of your Company before the Orbital Tribunal s in effect for declarations on the applicable royalty rate and calculation of PPTP. The Federal High Court in the recent decision of Federal Inland Revenue Service Vs†¦ Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Others opined thus: â€Å"While it is conceded that the Parties are bound by the sanctity of their contracts and the issue in dispute arose out of the Agreement, the question still remains whether Parties can by an Agreement purport to confer Jurisdiction on an Arbitration Tribunal to determine issues relating to taxation of Companies or connected with the Federal Government Revenue when such Jurisdiction is exclusively conferred on this Court by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The answer I must say is an emphatic No. In other words, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria precludes any other Court in Nigeria other than the Federal High Court, not to talk of an inferior Arbitration Tribunal, from exercising Jurisdiction over tax matters relating to Federal Government Revenue. Although in simply parlance, one might be quick to say that given that EDP and FIRS re neither parties to the agreement nor parties before the orbital panel, they do not have the locus stands to make such an application. Furthermore, it is a trite principle of Arbitration law that Courts of Law must not be too hasty to make any injunctions or orders affecting arbitration proceedings. Be that as it may, We wish to draw your attention to the recent decision in Federal Inland Revenue Service Vs†¦ Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Others wherein the A. Belle J decided that: incidental thereto. It is not in dispute at all, that the Plaintiff in this case is the traitors body established by Law to wit: Federal Inland Revenue Service (Establishment) Act, 2007 as the Sole Federal Authority responsible for the assessment and collection of Taxes on behalf of the Federal Government of Nigeria. It stands to reason therefore that in any dispute where the Plaintiff perceived that its statutory functions are going to be affected by such dispute it will necessarily have the requisite locus stands to bring an action to seek remedy. So, to my mind in the instant case, it is preposterous to argue as the 2nd- 5th Defendants did, arbitrarily f tax issues arising from production sharing contracts-that the Plaintiff has no locus stands to bring this action in which it alleges that its statutory functions to assess and collect tax for the Federal Government will be adversely affected in the Orbital proceedings between the Defendants in this case, merely on the ground that it is not party to the orbital proceedings. It is the very reason of its not being a party to the orbital proceedings that makes it imperative for the Plaintiff to file this suit to protect its perceived interest in the subject matter of the arbitration. This Court is not unconcerned at this stage, with whether the Plaintiff will succeed because locus stands of a Plaintiff to sue is not dependent on whether or not its case will succeed. It is against this backdrop that I hold the view that the Plaintiff in this case has the locus stands to bring the present action. On this score therefore, this Court has the jurisdiction to entertain the case. † From the foregoing decision of the Federal High Court, the Court has taken the stance that if the FIRS perceives that its statutory functions are going to be affected by any dispute, it will have the requisite locus stands to bring an action to seek remedy. The Court accordingly held that FIRS had a basis to bring the action and that the Court has Jurisdiction to entertain the case. This therefore means that the EDP and FIRS may be granted injunctive orders restraining continuation of the arbitration. Drawing from the above, the decision of the Tax Appeal Tribunal would be binding on CT and its preliminary objection to the Jurisdiction of the Orbital panel would be upheld. ACT The Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (UNCOMBED)’s directive is made pursuant to the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act to enhance the level of participation of Nigerian and Nigerian companies in the country’s oil and gas industry. The Act provides for the submission of Nigerian Content Plan to form an essential component of bidding for any license, permit or interest in the oil and gas industry. It contains provisions to ensure that ‘first consideration’ is given to Nigerian and Nigerian Companies. The local content gives force of law to the Nigerian Content Policy, which are already part of current oil regulations. The local content act establishes a legal and regulatory framework for the involvement of and procrastination f indigenous oil and gas companies in the award of oil blocks, oil field licenses, oil lifting licenses and other projects. Under the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, rights or interests in an oil mining lease (MOL) may be transferred by assignment. However, an assignment can only be valid where the consent of the Minister of Petroleum Resources has first been obtained following the fulfillment of the relevant conditions. These conditions include that the proposed assignee: Is of good reputation, a member of a group of companies of good reputation, or is wend by a company or companies of good reputation. Has sufficient technical knowledge and experience, and sufficient financial resources to effectively operate under the license or lease. How to cite Tatutory body, Papers

Marketing For Enhancing Sustainability †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing For Enhancing Sustainability. Answer: Introduction The increasing change in the demand and the ever-changing trends has affected the market of the organizations. The technological advancements have affected the availability of the products and the services based on their offerings and the placing. The most important step that the organization takes, considering the modern market structure, is to take steps in order to promote their product. In order to undertake the promotion, the organizations consider the principle of the four Ps that affects the market structure of the product (Roy 2012). The price, the product itself, the promotional activities and the place where the promotion is being undertaken. It helps in determining the functions that are required to be taken by the organization in order to undertake a successful product launch. The report focuses in identifying the issues that the marketing of a particular product or a line of product might face in undertaking the proper marketing strategies. The marketing strategies help the organizations in placing their product effectively in the market. The report aims at understanding the issues that the companies face while marketing a product. The issues can be considered as the hindrances to make the product available in the market (Saren et al. 2012). The proper marketing of the product also ensures the sustainable approach of the organizations that is being hampered through the issues that the organization faces while marketing the product or the services (Saren et al. 2012). Issues faced in marketing The issues that are being faced by the organizations while marketing the product is based on the requirements of the organization to make their advancements in the market. The issues are being illustrated and discussed in this section of the analysis. It helps in the clear understanding of the issues that the company faces while marketing in the modern days and thereby determines the risks that are involved with the products placement in the market. The increased competitiveness has resulted to the substantial growth of the other organizations in the market. Therefore, the most important issue that is being faced by the organizations while marketing their product is due to the inefficiency in their advertisements (Babin. and Zikmund 2015). The various advertisements that already exist in the market through the usage of the print media and the social media platforms have affected the growth of the organizations largely. In order to bring in changes in the organizational structure, the organization must make out some changes in the structure of the promotional activities to attract the attention of the potential consumers (Finney 2014). The proper placement of the products and the services helps the organization in making the target audience aware of the products that are being launched by the organization. However, the major issue that is being faced by the organization is based on the increased amount of competition in the socia l and the other media platforms through which the promotion must be undertaken (Malhotra, Birks and Wills 2013). The most important step that is to be adhered in the marketing of the products and its proper placement is through the proper innovation that the organization undertakes. It helps in differentiating the products and the services that are being prepared by the competitors. Most of the companies, these days, have adhered to the proper allocation of the resources and they have undertaken proper utilization of the resources (Baker 2014). It helps the organizations in maintaining a differentiation. The multinational companies like Apple and the like have taken strategies in order to promote their services with the products. This helps the organizations in undertaking successful steps to market their products. The iTunes that are being produced by Apple is being promoted along with the devices like iPods and the like. It helps the organization in collaborating the products and the services and provides a complete package to the consumers. The basic concept of promoting the product along wi th the services is to make the market open for both based on the consumer requirements. Most of the other companies have undertaken steps to make their product different from that of the competitors (Minton et al. 2012). It has helped them in balancing the market availability of the products adhering to the demand of the consumers. On the other hand, some other companies are not able to differentiate between the products they manufacture and that produced by the competitors. Therefore, it becomes a tough job for them to promote their products in the market. The major issue that is being faced buy then organizations while marketing a product in the market is due to the lack of determination of the varied emotions of the consumers. The consumers make a buy not based on the advertisements or the reviews on the articles and the magazines. The variation of the emotions affects the products market. Moreover, the company also takes steps in order to ensure the utility that the consumers can expect to derive from the products that are being manufactured by the organization. The utility that is being derived from the products greatly affects the market of the commodities (Griskevicius, Cant and Vugt 2012). Most of the companies develop the same kinds of product, nether determining the utility nor adhering to the requirements of the consumer. Therefore, the marketing of the product becomes a hefty job for the organization. The cross-cultural collaborations that are being undertaken by the organizations in this era of globalization have affected the marketing of the products. The difference in the culture and the heritage is the most important concern that the organization undertakes while marketing (Wells 2013). The multinationals have undertaken collaborations with the other companies that support their growth and expansion. However, there are negative impacts that affect the marketing of the products. The collaborations that are being undertaken by the organizations affect the market due to the diverse needs and requirements of the people and the organizations. The most important consideration undertaken by the organization sin making the decision as per the requirements is based on the peoples choice of the products based on the varied emotions. The varied emotions of the people gives rise to the market competition, which affects the market of the organizations. Sustainable approach of marketing The concepts of marketing are based on the concepts of the sustainability of the organization and their brands in the market. The sustainable nature of the organizations helps in determining the progress that is being undertaken by the organization in order to bring in the changes in the organizational structure (Hollensen 2015). The sustainable approach of the organizations helps in determining the progress made by the organizations in the time span. The different modifications that are being undertaken by the organization is based on the resourcefulness of the organizations and the needs of the organizations to bring about the change in the structure. In order to review the different ventures of the organization, there are steps that the organization must undertake in order to ensure the sustainable approach of the organizations (Solr 2012). It helps in the better functioning of the organization and thereby determines the brand name. The proper placement of the products in the mark et and the steps of promotion, which is being undertaken by the organization, help in determining the sustainable approach of the organizations. Conclusion Therefore, from the analysis it can be stated that the organizations face a serious issue in the modern days based on the proper marketing of the product. The proper marketing of the products holds the venture of the organizational progress that is being ensured by the organization in order to meet the requirements of the improvements that the organization must undertake in order to sustain. The most important step that is being considered by the organizations are based on the improvements that the organization undertakes. The sustainable approach of the organizations has facilitated the growth and the expansion of the organizations in their respective fields. References Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Finney, S.L., 2014. Encouraging sustainable consumption: An exploration of consumer behaviour.The Marketing Review,14(2), pp.189-203. Griskevicius, V., Cant, S.M. and Vugt, M.V., 2012. The evolutionary bases for sustainable behavior: Implications for marketing, policy, and social entrepreneurship.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,31(1), pp.115-128. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Malhotra, N.K., Birks, D.F. and Wills, P., 2013.Essentials of marketing research. Pearson. Minton, E., Lee, C., Orth, U., Kim, C.H. and Kahle, L., 2012. Sustainable marketing and social media: A cross-country analysis of motives for sustainable behaviors.Journal of Advertising,41(4), pp.69-84. Roy, D.P., 2012. Promoting active learning of ethical issues in marketing communications using debates.Marketing Education Review,22(1), pp.73-76. Saren, M., Maclaran, P., Goulding, C., Elliott, R. and Caterall, M., 2012.Critical marketing. Routledge. Saren, M., Maclaran, P., Goulding, C., Elliott, R. and Caterall, M., 2012.Critical marketing. Routledge. Solr, C., 2012. Conceptualizing sustainably produced food for promotional purposes: A sustainable marketing approach.Sustainability,4(3), pp.294-340. Wells, G. ed., 2013.Sustainable business: Theory and practice of business under sustainability principles. Edward Elgar Publishing.

The similarities and dissimilarities between the Prioresse and the Wife Bath Essay Example For Students

The similarities and dissimilarities between the Prioresse and the Wife Bath Essay In this essay I will discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between the Prioresse and the Wife Bath. Despite what may seem that they are obviously different, they are actually quite similar. Firstly, the fact that they are both on the pilgrimage in the first place shows that they are both successful and independent. To go on a pilgrimage as individual single women in this time was unusual. It meant that you had to have money and status, to afford the trip and to be confident enough to go without a husband. The Prioresse is the head of a nunnery, so she must surely be strong and wealthy because in being the head she is earning more money than most women, and to be the head also means you have strong leadership qualities. The Wife of Bath owns an imperative clothing and fabric business in what was very much a mans world. At making cloth she had so great a bent She bettered those of Ypres and even Ghent. The two women are also both wealthy from their successful careers, and in the Prioresses case, she was likely to be from a wealthy family as well. We can see their wealth from their clothing. Close gartered, and her shoes were soft and new, Chaucer tells us about the Wife of Baths outfit. On the Prioresse, he lets us know she is wealthy because he describes her wearing imported jewellery very expensive. Of coral small about her arm shed bear A string of beads and gauded all with green. Clearly the Prioresse and the Wife of Bath are both wealthy if they can afford to buy such extravagant things to wear. When Chaucer describes the Wife of Bath he also mentions her five dead husbands. With five churched husbands bringing joy and strife. This tells us she is wealthy because she must have inherited a lot from her late hubbies. Another point that makes the Prioresse appear to be rich is that she has some dogs that she feeds on the best quality food. She had some little dogs, too, that she fed On roasted flesh, or milk and fine white bread. Obviously if the Prioresse can afford to waste money on excellent food and pets, she is wealthy. The Wife of Bath also appears to be rich when we are told that she has been on many other pilgrimages abroad, which would have been very expensive in that time. Three times shed journeyed to Jerusalem; And many a foreign stream shed had to stem; Another similarity between the two women is that they are both eager to impress others. The Prioresse delights in displaying her knowledge of the French language. And fair she spoke her French, and fluently, She also displays her table manners and etiquette rather more than necessary. In courtesy she had delight and  zest. Chaucer also lets us know that the Prioresse showed off her manners often because he thinks she was trying to act like a court lady. She was at pains to counterfeit the look Of courtliness, and stately manners took. The Wife of Bath was also one to enjoy impressing others. She thought she was the most important woman in the parish, and always had to be the first to put the offering in the plate to show her importance. In all the parish there was no good wife Should offering make before her, on my life, The fact that she had to make the first offering shows that she was the most important person there, because in that time the offerings in the plate were given out in social order from the most significant person to the least significant. .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 , .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .postImageUrl , .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 , .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860:hover , .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860:visited , .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860:active { border:0!important; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860:active , .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860 .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u57b3f8f00add8b4e0b7c38bacaf42860:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Metaphysical Poetry DefinitionThe Wife of Bath also showed off her headdress and clothes in church to show off her status. Her kercheifs were of finest weave and ground. Another similarity is that they are both inevitably vain and very aware of their appearance. The Prioresse, despite having taken a vow of chastity at the nunnery, pulled her wimple up to show her forehead, which was thought to be an attractive feature. But certainly she had a fair forehead It was almost a full span broad, I own Chaucer also suggests that the Prioresse is wearing rouge. Her mouth was small and therewith small and red. The fact that she is wearing rouge proves she is vain and very interested in making herself look good, possibly for men. We can tell that the Wife of Bath is vain and aware of her appearance because she wears bright, fashionable clothes, which are meant for younger women. Her hose was of the choicest scarlet red When we read this we think that the Wife of Bath must think a lot of her looks if she wears such bright, eye-catching clothes. These two characters are also alike in both being interested in the opposite sex. The most romantically experienced is obviously the Wife of Bath, who has had five husbands. The remedies of love she knew, perchance, For of that art the old, old dance. Here in the final sentence of her passage, Chaucer tells us clearly she is experienced in the romantic sense. The Wife of Bath is clearly interested in the opposite sex. She appears to be looking for husband number six because of the clothes she wears, which are loud and extravagant. Her kercheifs were of finest weave and ground; I dare swear that they weighed a full ten pound. As well as being vain, the Wife of Bath is looking for another husband. The Prioresse is also worryingly interested in the opposite sex. I say worryingly because as a nun she has taken a vow  of chastity and as a rule shouldnt be interested in anything but God, but she is clearly making herself look more attractive that she should. Her nose was fine; her eyes were blue as glass; Chaucer describes her as very pretty, but as a nun she should really be trying to make herself look unattractive. Her name, Madam Eglantine, is named after a famous medieval romantic heroine and this also hints that she is not innocent or pure. The Prioresse also wore a brooch that has hints at her love life. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ hung a brooch of golden sheen Whereon there was first written a crowned A, And under, Amor vincit omnia. Amor vincit omnia means Love conquers all. This brooch could mean love of God- but this could also be a possible love token from a man. Despite their many similarities, there is some dissimilarity, too. Firstly, they have different backgrounds. The Wife of Bath owns a business and is competing with businesses in the world. At making cloth she had so great a bent She bettered those of Ypres and even Ghent This quote describes the high quality of her business and therefore we assume that the Wife of Bath is a successful experienced businesswoman who hasnt led a sheltered life. She is a professional woman in a trade dominated by men. The Prioresse, however, as a nun, has led a very sheltered life in convents and inexperienced and naÃÆ' ¯ve as to the ways of the world. Also, romantically they are almost opposites. Being a nun, the Prioresse is obviously a virgin and is not allowed to see anyone romantically. However, the Wife of Bath has had five husbands and is described so that we believe she has a sex life. Gap-toothed was she, it is no lie to say .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 , .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .postImageUrl , .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 , .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03:hover , .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03:visited , .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03:active { border:0!important; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03:active , .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03 .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e2ad6055f020b8e062e3e9e44759d03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poet Conveys EssayAt that time it was thought to be sexy to have gapped teeth. Another point that shows their differences is that the Prioresse and Wife of Bath come from different class backgrounds. The Prioresse us educated and literate, which she shows off at every opportunity. She also spoke French. And fair she spoke her French, and fluently, It was highly expensive and unusual for women to even be educated in those days, so she must come from a well off, upper class background. However, the Wife of Bath has worked her way into her respected position in society from the merchant class. I conclude that these two women, in their different ways and approaches, are both equally admirable because they are individual and strong despite being surrounded by men.

Free Union An Analysis

Free Union An Analysis The poem â€Å"Free Union† is written by the surrealist poet Andre Breton. It is great in many ways: as a free verse, for its complex nature, and is great for the unconventional ideas with which the female anatomy is depicted in the poem. Therefore, the title is to be seen as having different ideas and meanings.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on â€Å"Free Union†: An Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Free Union† can be seen as the free union of the two sexes in general, between the poet and his wife, or between the poet and the ultimate woman living in his imagination. It can also indicate the free union of various heterogeneous images lying compressed in the poem, the images which otherwise would have remained unrelated in the outside world. It must also be taken as the free union of the strange and paradoxical words in the poem set with their utmost freedom. This paper is a n analysis of the poem to see its surrealistic qualities, to highlight the beautiful way in which the poet depicts the female body, and also to examine how various images used in the poem help the poet in bringing out the central idea contained in it. Surrealism began as a movement in arts and literature. It attempted to express the workings of the unconscious mind in art by strange imagery and unfamiliar juxtaposition of content. Though the movement was influenced by Dadaism, its originator is Andrà © Breton, the author of â€Å"Free Union†. It had important precursors in Baudelaire, Rimbaud and Lautrà ©amont. It also embraced Marxism for its revolutionary ideas. It believed in looking at the world with keener eyes and wanted to go beyond the conventions. Surrealism was more positive and was indeed an instrument of knowledge. Andre Breton’s poems must be read with these artistic and literary changes in mind. For him true reality lay in the subconscious, and he devel oped concepts and techniques to explore and express those depths. Therefore, in â€Å"Free Union† when he looks at the female body, his subconscious eye is active and it also has a Freudian approach to reality. The opening line can be taken as an illustration of it: â€Å"My love whose hair is woodfire her thoughts heat lightning her waist an hourglass† (Breton). Like Donne, he juxtaposes various images, but to get a proper meaning of the quoted line the reader has to go through the entire poem. The readers may get perplexed as they move through the diverse images in the poem, and for a coherent idea they have to be yoked together. They may get confused as the poet describes the same part of the body with several different, if not opposing, images. For example, Breton describes the tongue of his beloved as â€Å"smooth as amber and as glass/ my love her tongue a sacred host stabbed through/ her tongue a doll whose eyes close and open/ her tongue a fantastic stone† (Breton).Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This must be because her tongue has not just created one memory or one experience in the poet, but several. They bubble up from the unconscious mind in such a surprising way that a single image from the outside world is not enough to highlight what that female tongue had been to the poet in his life. Its passive nature, its erotic power, and its wounding power are juxtaposed in one line with various images. Similarly the poet moves on to the other parts of the body of his beloved with mixed memories and feelings. The readers have to delve deep into their unconscious, as the poet does, to knit a coherent meaning of the poem. As Keith points out, â€Å"The poem moves to an apparent climax in the evocation of the sex in terms of successively a gladiolus, a placer (deposit where precious metals such as gold or pl atinum may be found), a duck-billed platypus, seaweed, old sweets, and a mirror† (Keith). It is with the skilful manipulation of words that the poet is able to do this. A close observation of the poem, â€Å"Free Union†, reveals the way images are arranged and also the way they associate with each other or one another. The lines describing the lower part of the body, â€Å"my love whose legs are fireworks moving like clockwork and despair/ my love her calves of elder tree marrow/ my love whose feet are initial letters/ are keyrings and sparrows drinking† are an example of this. The tone is not only persuasive, but authoritative too. The reader’s attention moves from the leg to the images which stand for the leg. The poet is engaged in exploring something through these images and in these observations intuition has more importance than reasoning. The conventional way of using images with established relationship is replaced with new and strange ways. The re al gives way to the surreal in Breton’s poems. Everyone is familiar with a lady’s back and its beauty, with its erotic curve, but when Breton says that his lady’s â€Å"back is a bird’s vertical flight/ whose back is quicksilver/ whose back is light† (Breton), the reader is compelled to view the back of the fair sex again in a new light. He is sure to remember its â€Å"vertical flight† and its lightness, but it demands a thorough search into the past associations with one’s beloved. Mathews observes that â€Å"The more we read his verse, the more we perceive that it is the fugitive, fragile quality of the imaginative revelation that gives his poetry its special mood† (Mathews). One object in the poem either overlaps upon the other or is transformed into a new one.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on â€Å"Free Union†: An Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Lear n More For Breton objects become subjects. In other words, what one has conceived as an object is turned into a subject in the poem when it is used as an image to represent an intimate experience. What looks as mere appearance is penetrated into by the poet and he makes it a familiar one. The ordered classification is upset and the surrealist poetry creates a new order in the minds of the reader. Initially the poet describes how the eyelash, the eyebrow, and the temples of his beloved are, but it is in the last lines he reveals how her eyes really are: â€Å"my love of savannah eyes/ my love her eyes of water to drink in prison/ my love her eyes of wood always to be chopped/ eyes of water level earth and air and fire† (Breton). The images juxtaposed in these lines push the readers from the faà §ade of outer reality into the realm of surrealism. It is not the description of mere body but that of the soul too. The duality of body and soul, and the concept of time and p lace are altogether upset in the poem. Though Breton uses art as an artifact, he moves beyond in order to express his philosophical ideas and to show what surrealist techniques in poetry can achieve. In the words of Martin Seymour-Smith and Andrew C. Kimmens: â€Å"His influence has been so wide as to be almost incalculable: on psychoanalysis and feminism through Jacques Lacan; on politics via Herbert Marcuse, as well as anarchist thinkers; on criticism through Roland Barthes andAdvertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More countless others; on British and American poetry via David Gascoyne, Robert Duncan, and, again, countless others† (Martin). The poem, â€Å"Free Union†, is great as a free verse, as a surrealist poem, and above all for its content. It teaches the power of the metaphor and ignites the readers’ imagination. Breton kept on pursuing the quest for freedom; he followed its course without thinking of the consequences. The greatness of Breton as a poet and the enduring literary significance of him can be traced in this fact. Reference Aspley, Keith. Free Union: Overview. Reference Guide to World Literature.Ed. Lesley Henderson. 2nd ed. New York: St. James Press, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Web. Breton, Andre. â€Å"Free Union†. Web. Matthews, J. H. Andre Breton. European Writers: The Twentieth Century. Ed. George Stade.Vol. 11. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1990. Literature Resource Center. Web. World Authors 1900-1950, Edited by: Martin Seymour-Smith an d Andrew C. Kimmens, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1996.